What is the process of pasteurization?

Pasteurization is a heat treatment process that involves heating food to a specific temperature for a predetermined length of time. This method is primarily employed to eliminate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, that can pose health risks. The targeted temperature and time in pasteurization vary depending on the type of food being treated, but the key aspect is that it effectively reduces the number of viable pathogens without significantly affecting the food's nutritional quality and sensory characteristics.

For instance, pasteurization is commonly used in the dairy industry, where milk is heated to kill harmful pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli, making it safe for consumption while preserving its flavor and nutrient content. This process is essential for maintaining food safety and is a critical step in the food production chain, ensuring that products can be stored and consumed safely over time.